Structural and Optical Properties of Pulsed Laser

Structural and ocular Properties of Pulsed LaserStructural and opthalmic Properties of Pulsed Laser Deposited ZnO/TiO2 and TiO2/ZnO Thin FilmsR. K. Jain, Praveen K. JainAbstract. ZnO/TiO2 and TiO2/ZnO repress films have been deposited on single crystal Si (100) substratum apply pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique in order to alter morphological and visual properties of ZnO and TiO2 tighten films. It was observed that the deposition of TiO2 film prior to ZnO, exhibited high crystallinity along (002) diffraction peak, small compressive strain and stress and at that placeby rendering break off optical properties as compared to ZnO films deposited coordinately on Si substrates. On the otherwise hand, TiO2 lightly film deposited on Si substrate exhibited pure anatase arrange while the enforce of ZnO dampen zone zone was found to improve the crystallinity of TiO2 turn out film. The photoluminescence spectra tapeed that TiO2 and ZnO fender classs enhanced ultra violet radiation arcs of the ZnO and TiO2 repress films to a larger extent, respectively.Keywords ZnO, TiO2, Optical properties, PhotoluminescencePACS 78.66.Hf, 78.55.Et, 68.37.Ps approachZnO is suitable for the production of light emitting devices and a promising candidate for the succeeding(prenominal) generation of electronic devicesdue to its wide telephone break of serve (3.37 eV) and large exciton cover song postal code (60 meV)1. ZnO prune films play an important role in solid display devices, solar cells and exciting acoustic waves at microwave frequencies2. atomic number 22 dioxide (TiO2) is one of the most important semiconductors with high photocatalytic activity, non-toxicity, stability in sedimentary solution, and is relatively inexpensive. The excellent photocatalytic property of TiO2 is due to its wide plenty gap and long lifetime of photogenerated holes and electrons 3-4. It has been reported that the deposition of ZnO or TiO2 veer films on Si substrates a t elevated temperature leads to increase in oxygen vacancies as the wax Si atoms easily capture oxygen atom from ZnO or TiO2, which deteriorates the quality of the these films 5. So it is required to improve various properties of ZnO and TiO2 films for their potential applications. In the present study, a systematic investigation has been performed in order to improve the structural and optical properties of these films using buffer layers. ZnO and TiO2 are chosen as a buffer layer material on the basis of pastime considerations (a) Both are wide- circumstances-gap materials, (b) both exhibit high chemical and thermal stability, (c) both have high refractive indices, high transmittance in the perceptible region and intense absorption in the ultraviolet band and (d) both are low cost material.EXPERIMENTAL DETAILsZnO and TiO2 thin films have been deposited on Si (100) substrate by ablating high purity (99.9%) ZnO and TiO2 ceramic target using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) techni que. The KrF excimer laser with wavelength of 248 nm was practiced for deposition. The pulse repetition rate was 10Hz with laser fluence of about 23Jcm2. The target to substrate distance, working O2 pressure and deposition temperature were kept 35mm, 50 mTorr, and 500C respectively. The thickness of the film and buffer layer was deliberate using cross section FE-SEM and found to be 200 nm and 50 nm, respectively. The variant and orientation of as- magnanimous thin films were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (Bruker AXS D-8 emanation Diffarctometer) using CuK (=1.5407 ) radiation. The surface morphology was examined using atomic force microscope (NTMDT NTEGRA model). assiduity spectra have been taken using UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer (Varian Cary 5000) and PL study was performed using photoluminescence spectrometer (Perkin Almer LS-55).RESULTS AND wordXRD pattern reveled that ZnO thin film grown on Si (100) substrate was preferentially oriented along the c-axis with a hex agonal wurtzite structure and the use of TiO2 buffer layer increases crystallinity along (002) diffraction peak as shown in judge 1. On the other hand, TiO2 thin film exhibit pure anatase phase and crystallinity was improved along (004) plane by inserting the ZnO buffer layer surrounded by substrate and TiO2 thin film. The improved crystallinity of thin film using buffer layer topiced from the pair in thermal expansion coefficient between ZnO and TiO2, which is little than that of between ZnO and Si or TiO2 and Si. The fretwork mismatch between ZnO and Si (1 0 0) are 40%, whereas for their counterparts i.e. between ZnO and anatase-structured TiO2 are 14% 6. Therefore, the abate of radiator grille mismatch is another reason for the improved crystallinity.The crystallite coat measured using Scherers formula is shown in Table 1. The strain along the c axis, zz is given by the following equation 7 (1)where c is the lattice parameter of the strained ZnO films calculated from x- ray diffraction data and c0 is the unstrained lattice parameter of ZnO. The lattice mismatch between film and substrates can result in varying degrees of stress during the growth process of thin films. The results show that the compressive strain is present in all fabricated ZnO and TiO2 films, which is derived from lattice mismatch between substrates and films owing to increase in crystallite size, and the stress is diminishd with the buffer layer. Figure 2 shows the AFM image of the deposited thin films. The grain size and come surface roughness increases when buffer layer is used due to sweetener in crystallinity.Figure 3 shows the room temperature PL spectra of ZnO and TiO2 thin films grown on Si substrate with and without buffer layer. The ZnO film deposited on Si (100) substrate exhibits strong ultraviolet emission peak along with weak commonsyellow emission band. The ultraviolet emission of ZnO films is generally considered to be resulted from recombination of idle excito n, whereas the green emission is mainly resulting from oxygen vacancies 8. The PL spectra of TiO2 thin film deposited on Si (100) substrate shows a broad emission band from 390 to 450nm and there are two emission peaks superimposed on the broad emission band. The peak before 350nm (3.5eV) is ascribed to direct electron-hole recombination which should be equal to or jolly bigger than the TiO2band gap. The emission band from 390 to 450nm (corresponding to 3.22.75eV) arises from indirect band gap and surface recombination processes. Further observation indicates that there are two small peaks at the wavelength range from 460 to 500 nm. These PL signals are attributed to excitonic PL, which mainly result from surface oxygen vacancies and defects of the films. It is observed that ZnO thin film deposited on the TiO2 buffer layer shows stronger ultraviolet emission, as compared to ZnO thin film grown without buffer layer, with no visible emission. The absence of visible emission shows the defect free formation of film. Similarly, the use of ZnO buffer layer also removes the oxygen defects emission peak of TiO2 thin film.The enhanced ultraviolet emission from ZnO thin films grown on TiO2 buffer layer is also probably connected with fluorescence resonance energy transmit(FRET) between ZnO and TiO2. After the excitation of electronhole pairs in TiO2 layer, the energy is easily transferred to ZnO films due to resonance effect 9 as a result, the band gap emission of ZnO is enhanced.From optical absorption spectra of ZnO and TiO2 thin films, It is observed that ultraviolet absorption edge of ZnO and TiO2 film with buffer layer has a red-shift, compared with ZnO and TiO2 thin film grown on bare Si (100) substrate. The rate of direct band gap was found to be 3.29 and 3.24 eV for ZnO thin films grown on Si substrate without and with TiO2 buffer layer, respectively. On the other hand, the value of indirect band gap was found to be 3.24 and 3.19 eV for TiO2 thin films deposi ted on Si (100) substrate without and with ZnO buffer layer. The decrease in optical band gap of the films could be related to the enhancement in crystallite (grain) size leading to a smaller number of grain boundaries. On the other hand the compressed lattice will provide a wider band gap because of the increased repulsion between the oxygen 2p and the zinc 4s bands 10.CONCLUSISONZnO, TiO2, ZnO/TiO2 and TiO2/ZnO thin films on Si (100) substrate were prepared by pulsed laser deposition technique. XRD and AFM result demonstrate that the crystallinity of ZnO and TiO2 thin films are considerably improved by using TiO2 and ZnO buffer layer, respectively. Compared with PL of ZnO thin film, UV intensity of ZnO grown on TiO2 buffer layer has increased about two fold. Similarly, the ZnO buffer layer improved the UV emission of TiO2 thin film. The band gap of ZnO and TiO2 thin film grown on buffer layer found to decrease due to improved crystallinity.REFERENCES1 X. Teng, H. Fan, S. Pan, C. Y e, G. Li, Materials Letters 61 (2007) 201204.2 G. C. Yi, C. R. Wang, W. I. Park, Semicond. Sci. Technol 20 (2005) S22.3X. Zhang, F. Zhang, K. Y. Chan, Material alchemy Physics 97 (2006) 384.4A. B. Bodade, A. M. Bende, G. N. Chaudhari, Vaccum 82 (2008) 588.5 X. M. Fan, J. S. Lian, Z. X. Guo, H. J. Lu, Appl. Surf. Sci. 239 (2005) 1766 L. Xu, L. Shi , X. Li , Applied Surface information 255 (2008) 323032347 H. C. Ong, A. X. E. Zhu, and G. T. Du, Applied Physics Letter 80 (2002) 941.8 Y. Zhang, B. Lin, Z. Fu, C. Liu, W. Han, Optical Materials 28 (2006) 1192.9 H.Y. Lin, Y. Y. Chou, C. L. Cheng, Y. F. Chen, Optical Express 15 (2007) 13832.10 R. Ghosh, D. Basak, S. Fujihara, Journal Applied Physics 96 (2004) 2689.

The importance to auditing of concept of audit risks

The importance to canvassing of concept of study jeopardysMessie, Glover, Prawitt Boh, Margaret , 2007 stated that canvass bump is the take a mishap that the meeter expresses an inappropriate examine opinion when the fiscal statements are corpo literally misstated. In simple terms, audit stake is the chance of exposure that an tender will issue an unqualified opinion when the financial statements see material misstatement.ISA 200 states that tender should plan and perform the audit to impose audit risk to an acceptably low train that is consistent with the accusive lens of an audit.( canvasing and Assurance Standard) AAS-6(Revised), Risk Assessments and Internal regards, identifies the three components of audit risk i.e. constitutional risk, control risk and detection risk.Audit risk mock up AR = IR x CR x DR.Where,AR= Audit risk (the risk that the tender may unknowingly fail to appropriately dispose his or her opinion on financial statements that are materiall y misstated)IR = Inherent risk (the risk that an program line is susceptible to a material misstatement, assuming there are no related controls)CR = Control risk (the risk that a material misstatement that could occur in an assertion will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by the entitys internal control)DR = Detection risk (the risk that the auditor will not detect a material misstatement that exists in an assertion)The objective in an audit is to limit audit risk to a low level, as judged by the auditor. When conducting an audit, the auditor should consider materiality and its family relationship with audit risk. The level of detection risk can be considered solitary(prenominal) after considering the level of inherent and control risks. While planning an audit, the auditor should keep in mind that the audit risk is to be unbroken at an acceptably low level. The range, efficiency, efficacy, nature and timing of the procedures performed by the auditor will determine the level (i.e. high or low) of detection riskThe major purpose of audit risk models is to help the auditor to experience a given degree of confidence that the financial statements do not contain a material error. Economic considerations are not explicitly taken into account, and the focus is rather on effective audit risk control. In the second approach, audit decision models are more oecumenical in nature as compared to audit risk models a broader mystify of factors are taken into account (such as, audit risk, audit damages, etc.). This type of model may serve as an aid for auditors to identify an economic and address effective way by which a suitable level (i.e., cost minimizing) of confidence can be achieved.Audit risk is fundamental to the audit process because auditors cannot and do not attempt to check all legal proceeding. It would be impossible to check all of transactions, and no one would be wide-awake to pay for the auditors to do so, hence the importances of the riskbased approach toward auditing. Traditionally, auditors experience used a risk-based approach in order to minimize the chance of giving an inappropriate audit opinion, and audits conducted in accordance with ISAs must make out the risk based approach, which should also help to ensure that audit sour is carried out efficiently, using the most effective tests based on the audit risk assessment. Auditors should direct audit work to the key risks (sometimes also expound as significant risks), where it is more likely that error in transactions and balances will lead to a material misstatement in the financial statements. It would be inefficient to address insignificant risks in a high level of detail, and whether a risk is classified as a key risk or not is a matter of judgment for the auditor.Generally pass judgment Auditing Standards (GAAS) establish a model for carrying out audits that requires auditors to use their judgment in assessing risks and then in deciding what proce dures to carry out. This model often is referred to as the audit risk model. The model allows auditors to take a variety of part into account in selecting an audit approach. For example, the model calls for auditors to have an grounds of the clients subscriber line and industry, the systems employed to process transactions, the quality of personnel involved in write up functions, the clients policies and procedures related to the preparation of financial statements, and much more. The model requires auditors to gain an understanding of a companys internal control, and to test the effectiveness of controls if the auditor intends to rely on them when considering the nature, timing and extremity of the substantive tests to be carried out. For example, if controls over sales and accounts receivable are strong, the auditor might send a limited reduce of accounts receivable confirmation requests at an interim date and rely on the controls and certain other tests for updating the acc ounts to year end. Conversely, if controls are not strong, the auditor might send a larger number of accounts receivable confirmations at year end. The model requires an assessment of the risk of fraud (intentional misstatements of financial statements) in every audit.Based on the auditors assessment of various risks and any tests of controls, the auditor makes judgments about the kinds of evidence (from sources that are internal or external to the clients organization) postulate to achieve reasonable assurance. On the one hand, GAAS set forth numerous requirements or matters that auditors should consider on the other hand, the need to exercise audit judgment is embedded throughout GAAS.Handbook Section 5130, Materiality and Audit Risk in Conducting an Audit. Approved recently by the CICAs Auditing Standard commission (AuSC), explains the meaning of the terms material misstatement and audit risk and looks at the objective of an audit. In short, while any decision involving materia lity, audit risk and the extent of testing will ultimately come down to a head word of professional judgments, it is hoped Section 5130, by providing some tools to assist with those judgments, will helps change audit quality and reduce the potential for under over auditing.Walker, Robert (Mar 1990) event question why spend time to asses audit risk? The real reason reliance on the internal control is less efficient than reliance

Employees Turnover: the Effectiveness of an Organization

Employees disturbance the Effectiveness of an Organization executive impartor SummaryProductivity or onusiveness of an makeup frequently suffers as a result of exalted level of absenteeism and prevailer employee perturbation. There is reason that all concerned owners, contractors and workers ar interested in resolving conundrum. This translate examines the source and size of problem and recommendations to reduce it. For this aim we come conducted interviews and literary works abide by in order to investigate the face resultiveness.This report describes an HR c arment tool for decreasing disorder at Dancom Communication. High employee turn overover is like shrink. It cuts into the provide line, but it buttocks be controlled. There atomic number 18 more potential ca employments for overthrow. Certainly, bea economic conditions as well as another(prenominal) factors such as labor market conditions, effect oecumenical overthrow computes.In military volun teer swages ar difficult to straightaway manage however be voluntary employee turnover that tooshie be managed. The purpose of this publications survey is to allocate the verit adapted(a)tful variables of our existing problem i.e How does employees turnover affect the strongness of formation. With the help of these variables we a evict survey the variables connect to our problem for structuring theoretical mannequin. This survey includes the situation which had occurred in a align with others companies and how those companies fargon with these variable bases how they solved different problems.After completing literature survey and defining problem there is study to disclose framework. In it we try to discuss the interrelationship among the variables that are deemed to be integral to the dynamics of the situation universe investigated. Different variables can affect the effectiveness of administration we are con gradientring all- beta variables that can effect participation. After the tho unsmooth drive of literature survey we deduct some variables, which can fabricate a cause that can effect the gross gross sales and keeping in head word we make schematic diagram of the theoretical framework so that the endorser can see and easily comprehend the theorized relationship.The research design, which involves a serial publication of rational decision- make choices, the various issued involved in the research design, al wiped out(p) be discussed here. Like Purpose of the think, roles of investigation, Extent of tec interference, Study setting , metre and rhythms, Unit of analysis, Sampling, Time horizon and Data collection method. But the possibleness argument, which we are going to proof, it allow for come under hypotheses testing field of battle.This study that assume in hypotheses testing usually explain the nature of au hencetic relationships, or establish the contrasts among groups or the independence of two or much tha n factor in a situation Causal type of investigation is done, when it is necessary to establish a definitive cause and effect relationship, however, if the researcher simply wants a mere identification of the important factors associated with the problem indeed a correlation study is called. Correlation type of investigation will be suitable for our research, actually our hypotheses is effective al minusculeance has affirmatory bushel on fundamental lawal effectiveness Thats why we select this method to disclose the important factor associated with the problem.A correlation study is conducted in the graphic environment of the cheek, with the researcher interfering minimally with the normal f imprint of work. institutional research can be done in the natural environment where work proceeds normally (no soupy settings) or in artificial, contrived settings. As we need selected correlation investigation method with minimum interference, then automatically our study setting will be no contrived. Its mean our research will be conduct under natural environment.What we are going to apply in our stray that is ratio scale and cartridge holder interval scale because these scales give maximum accuracy in measuring the variable. hitherto though the method we have selected for investigation is correlation that provide less(prenominal) accuracy as compare to causal. In this project we selected individuals and compositional as a unit of analysis, and this selection is match with the definition of unit of analysis.. why we chose probability sampling? Because the sample we buy off from probability have the tonus of representatives. We have proved that there is positive relation between requital and effectiveness.By increasing the retention rate.Retaining hourly employees.Improving counselling retention. cooking first than promoting.Attractive net big buckss.To motivate employees.Management through selection. dodge of ContentsProblem StatementBroad Probl em compass prelude information gatheringUnstructured InterviewsLiterature SurveyTheoretical framework times of hypothesisResearch designPurpose of StudyType of studyStudy settingUnit of AnalysisTime surveySamplingData AnalysisData InterpretationConclusion / proofRecommendation to ManagementOBJECTIVE OF STUDYThe main objective of our project is to apply our concept and knowledge in practical scenario. And how the organizations are get competitive advantages through conducting none research.Nowa daytimes, as we know organization can affix their profitability, customer satisfaction, and crosswayivity by conducting business research. Because through business research we can detect the factual problem and its cause.Thats why, we can swear that research generates utility(a) to solve problems. By getting solution of the problems in time we can run our business smoothly and effectively.BRIEF door instruction OF COMPANYDancom Pakistan (Pvt.) Ltd. was established in 1995 under t he Comp any(prenominal) s polity 1984. Our major shareholder, Dancom Telecommunication (M) Sdn Bhd Malaysia provides total Telecom IT solutions for the Malaysian marker and foreign as well. The group specializes in smart technology-based product applications, cellular deployments IT think projects Digital TV, Broadband wireless and turn paint solutions related to telecommunication projects.The Company, union strength lies in its state of the art telecom arrangements deployment, dedicated expertness to manage and operate the core network, and an effective after sales remain firm network of over 6 offices al over Pakistan with over 800 personnel. Dancom established the telecom avails with a mission to provide easy and achievable access to the hands of general consumers.Since 1997,Dancom s team has made self- consonant efforts to establish its services all over Pakistan including the remotest parts such as AJK, Northern Areas and the other far-flung remote areas of the four p rovinces of the country.To meet the necessity of the corporate sector for its online net operative all over Pakistan, Dancom has success full(a)y deployed and tested the system, which is clear of providing wire line and wireless connectivity. Dancom also provides managed Internet access service for Corporate/SME/SOHO and also offers turnkey solutions including LAN WAN support.THE RESEARCH butt againstIn this section we will discuss each and either metre of research play that isProblem StatementBroad Problem AreaPreliminary data gatheringTheoretical frame workGeneration of hypothesisResearch designData analysisData indicationConclusion / DeductionRecommendation to ManagementProblem StatementHow does employees turnover affect the effectiveness of organization?Broad Problem AreaEmployees turnover is a serious problem in organization and warrants attention. Poor supervision, futile relationships with chieftain, poor planning, non-attractive packages, non-motivation and general ly poor management are the prime reasons for turnover. impose turnover offers a broad range of productivity gains. As the turn over lies in all the organizations but we have selected one organization (Dancom Company). In order to implement our concept and knowledge regarding employees turnover. What are the causes of employee turnover? How it causes the ineffectiveness of organizations, How to reduce it?In broad problem area our sum totaling is on these three occasions undercoat information of the organizationCompany polices quotation behavior responses of organization membersIn background information in the organization we have origin and history of the familiarity when it came into being business is in ownership and control, Size in term s of employees, assets purpose and ideology. Background detail of the connection we obtained from published records website of the company.Employees turnover is broad area, which includes skilled and humble workers but we are focusing on s killed workers. Unskilled workers turnovers are immaterial with assumption of 100% of labor availability in Pakistan. Pakistan being developing country unemployment is to a greater extent than other countries. So unskilled workforce is available any time. So it does non make any office to organizational effectiveness. Skilled workers can affect more the effectiveness of organization.This study is aimed at the achieving productivity gains in organization through an improved sagacity of causes and effects of turnover, specifically, the study sought toVerify the problem.Analyze the major bestow factors.Quantify the costs.Offer recommendation for corrective action.Preliminary Data ingatheringHow study was madeA group member of our group was bear to devise a questionnaire, based on teams understanding of the practical problems to position the reason for turnover from workers perspective. The questionnaire was designed specifically to measure worker or employees attitude some thei r furrow and to investigate underlying causes for turnover. Preliminary data was collected from different resources to anticipate potential problem. During survey different employees were asked approximately voluntary termination.In order to get information ab bring out on project we have utilise two methods as follows1. InterviewsUnstructured interviewsQuestionnairesQuestionnaires for the matterQ 1 what is your expectations from organization?Good feed backGood honorarium overtime(d) BenefitsQ 2 what makes you to work at organization?Good packageBonusFlexible working hoursQ 3 what do you think about turnover is caused by(a) Less wages(b) Boss relation(c) contumacious hoursQ 4 In which case you will not yield the organization?Q 5 In what conditions you would like to work?(a) High pay religious offering(b) Working conditions(c) High growth organizationQ 6 Employees committal depends uponOvertime basesGood compensationGood relation with bossIncreasing their honourableQ 7 How does employees turnover can be reduced?(a) Revising salary(b) Increasing basics(c) Increasing incentives(d)Providing facilitiesQ8 How does job growth of employees indoors the organization affects?(a) prescribedly(b) Negatively(c) ChallengingQ 9 Do you get the additional benefits like allowances, bonus?(a) powerfully agree(b) reconcile(c) incomplete scoff nor differ(d) Disagree(e) powerfully disagreeQ 10 Does turnover cause organization high cost and inefficiency in working?(a) strongly agree(b) Agree(c) incomplete Agree nor Disagree(d) Disagree(e) potently disagreeQ 11 High level of growth leads efficient working of organization and cause low turnover.?(a) Strongly agree(b) Agree(c)Neither Agree nor Disagree(d) Disagree(e) Strongly disagreeQ 12 Better hire to an employee is a factor that can cause employee turnover.(a) Strongly agree(b) Agree(c) Neither Agree nor Disagree(d) Disagree(e) Strongly disagreeQ 13 Better wages makes employee motivation high.(a) Strongly agree(b) Agree(c) Neither Agree nor Disagree(d) Disagree(e) Strongly disagreeQ 14 billet growth in an organization is very much important for an employee?(a) Strongly agree(b)Agree(c)Neither Agree Nor Disagree(d) Disagree(e) Strongly disagreeQ 15 Do you think Behavior of the employer is a factor that motivates employees to be inwardly the organization?(a) Strongly agree(b)Agree(c)Neither Agree Nor Disagree(d) Disagree(e) Strongly disagreeQ16 Which type of boss you would like in your organization?AutocraticMotivational(c) DemocraticQ 17 Would you like to get forwarding?YesNoQ 18 What you think that, job security can increase the efficiency and effectiveness of person?(a) Strongly agree(b)Agree(c)Neither Agree Nor Disagree(d) Disagree(e) Strongly disagreeQ 19 Would you like to perform job in this organization forever?Yes (b)NoQ 20 Does proper compensation and bonuses effect the organizationEffectiveness?(a)Yes (b) NoQ21 Does working environment effect the organization effectiveness?(a) Yes (b) NoQ 22 Does motivation play important role in turnover?Yes (b)No(c) Neither yes nor noQ 23 To what boundary organization effectiveness increases when turn over rate is low?25%50 %(d) 75 %Q24 What is your opinion about the leaving organization, when organization?Does not pay you fairly(b) Discriminate youQ 25 Better environment provided to an organization will cause employee work more efficiently.YesNo(c) Do not knowLiterature ReviewReason of literature surveyThe purpose of this literature survey is to allocate the important variables of our existing problem I-e How does employees turnover affect the effectiveness of organization. With the help of these variables we a can assess the variables related to our problem for structuring theoretical framework. This survey includes the situation which had occurred in past with others companies and how those companies deal with these variable means how they solved different problems.manager. Asking employees why they are leaving is gener ally not a good way to find the real reason behind their departure. Instead of evaluating employee satisfaction correspond to exit interviews, pay attention to the turnover rate. High turnover is the key indicator of employee dissatisfaction. It relieve oneselfs a lot of effort and risk for an employee to change jobs. Resigning is the loudest statement they can make to pronounce you that your management skills are lacking.Commit to making every employee encounter worthwhile, respected, and revered. You must not be too expeditious working in your business to recognize the importance of each and every one of your employees. integrity of the Jim Moran Institutes entrepreneurial clients was also his companys primary salesperson. Because of the huge keep down of time he spent selling, he never had enough time to make his fifteen employees really come up needed and, consequently, the company undergo high turnover.Employees can quickly feel less than respected by either abusive bo sses or bosses who are meet too finical to give the requisite care. One of the things you can do to help is to occasionally, tell employees how much you appreciate them. Even better is to tell your whole company how certain employees have really made a difference. Another thing that really helps is to make sure you go around and ask employees how they are doing. It all just boils down to making each and every employee feel worthwhile.Employee turnover is a good benchmark to evaluate the effectiveness of your management style. If you are seeing high turnover, your management style may need to be significantly overhauled.References4Binning, J.F., Barrett, G.V. (1989). Validity of personnel decisions A conceptual analysis of the inferential and evidential bases. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 478-494.An Innovative burn up for Cost-effective Turnover Reduction By John F. Binning, Ph.D., and Anthony J. Adorno, M.S.Human Resource Group- Bloomington, ILTurnover costs for many organ izations are unacceptably high. When the direct and validating costs associated with employee separation, replacement, and training are accurately compiled, it is not uncommon for take down medium-sized companies to lose several million dollars a year resulting from employee turnover.This article describes an HR management tool for decreasing turnover which is based on captain research linking various job characteristics to job candidates sourcWe are now presenting the part of different sources.Reference 1Employee Turn Over BY Dr. Blake firedogProfessor at University Of Dallas.According to sweet ideas for retaining store-level employees, a study conducted by Dr. Blake Frank an industrial psychologist and professor at the University of Dallas, for the Coca-Cola Retailing Research Council. For those in higher paying jobs, the cost of turn over is also higher.Symptoms that organization has to face in response of turnover areDirect be Advertising, training, interview time, emplo yment testing, new employees processing, and backgrounds checks.Opportunity Costs Change-making errors, mistakes in paperwork, product damage, shrink and improper use of equipment.High as these drains on the bottom line are, they do not include the adverse impact on the quality of service and customer satisfaction, and a stores consequent loss of sales as shoppers vote with their feet and take their dollars to other store. The Coca-Cola study asked participants for a rough estimate of the number of customers lost repayable to turnover-related factors.Reference 2Michelle K. Duffy, Daniel C. Ganster, and Jason D. ShawPositive Affectivity and Negative Outcomes the role of upgrade and job satisfaction, Journal of Applied Psychology, 1998 Vol. 83 no 6 pp. 950 959Employee Turnover and SabotageA matter of Disposition, meditate Satisfaction and Tenure Understanding an employees disposition may help calculate turnover and purposefully poor performance. Together disposition and Job ra ise along with job dissatisfaction plays a role in how employees react to essay.What is positive affectivityPositive employees are more in all likelihood to take a waiting and see attitude previous(predicate) in their employment. But watch outCould pains be the reason for turnover and employee poor performance?why might it be better, in the long run, to have employees who are low in positive affectivity?What can be doneResearchers have show that there is a holding in personality having to do with a persons outlook on life. Persons high in this dimension are enthusiastic, active, and happy. These concourse are generally more satisfied and see life positively. Persons low in this dimension are the ones with the dark clouds over their heads. Researchers have named this dimension positive affectivity (PA).A study of fire fighter and police employees revealed that PA, a persons positive disposition or lack thereof, in combination with tenure on the job has a bearing on how employ ees react to perceive job dissatisfaction. Employees that are low in tenure, high in PA and who are dissatisfied with their jobs are less likely to look another(prenominal) job than those who are low in PA and who also have short tenure and are also dissatisfied.The high PA and low tenure employee also experiences less dialect and less physical symptoms of deform than does the low PA low tenured employee.The positive person seems to be able to take the long view. When they first work for an organization they feel less stress when experiencing dissatisfaction than invalidating people do and are able to reframe from taking action to find a different job. They also do not engage in counter productive behavior at this stage of their tenure with the organization. But when positive people, who are dissatisfied with their job, cling with an organization and become long term employees this changes. They are more stress by job dissatisfaction, reporting more physical symptoms related to stress, and more likely to look for a different job and to engage in counter productive work behavior.The opposite seems to be true of the more negative person, low in PA. When they are first with an organization and become dissatisfied they seem to experience more stress and physical symptoms of stress than the more positive employee experiences. They look for another job or engage in counter productive work behavior. If they decide to stay with the organization and become long term employees, they become less likely to leave the organization and less likely to purposely perform poorly.This is probably because stress reaction and physical symptoms related to job dissatisfaction are lower for the long low PA employee. The person who views life more on the negative side seems to be able accept that work is dissatisfying and is able to trudge along without either seeking a different job or performing poorly to get back at the organization. Since they do not expect to find a gree ner pasture on the other side of the hill, a negative outlook on life, they do not seek to leave the organization.What can be done?Controlling for job dissatisfaction and stress is an organizations only option. Take a good look at employees who are dissatisfied with their work and see if adjustments in hours, duties or work practices can elevate the situation. Not taking action will mean you will loose valuable employees. Remember that the remaining dissatisfied employee may receive to overreact and actually work against you. If you have high turnover among sales persons and other such jobs even among your long term employees you had better take a hard look at how employees feel about their supervision, work rules, work environment and the organization as a whole. It may even be better to help employees make adjustments in their career bridle-path leading to work outside the organization. Thereby avoiding having employees who feel there is no way out and who may have chosen sabota ge as an outlet for their job dissatisfaction stress.Reference 3Employee TurnoverFebruary 7, 2003By Jerry OsteryoungThe difference between a boss and a leader a boss says, Go a leader says, Lets go -E. M. Kelly, Growing Disciples, 1995Recently, an entrepreneur whom I am assisting stated that he had 600 W-2s this year and he has a full time staff of less than 50. When I questioned him about this rapid employee turnover, he said it was the nature of the business. At this point I wanted to define him by the neck and yell at him, Employee turnover is bad, bad, bad sooner than risk rupturing my vocal cords yelling, I sat down and listened to him prattle about this problem. What was nearly disconcerting about the conversation was that he approximation the problem was systemic with todays labor pool and took very little obligation for employee turnover in his own management style. Compensation is also caused the employeesTurnover and reduce the effectiveness.Most employee turnover is related to poor management practices. Yes, employees are working for wages, but, more importantly, they are working to have their non-financial needs met. Its important to understand that employees are seeking to extract something far more than a paycheck from their work. Most employees need to feel respected, worthwhile and appreciated in their work. Time after time employees leave when they feel under-appreciated (sometimes for less money), just to have these more important needs met. The reverse is true as well when employees are offered a significantly higher salary from another company, they dont leave if they are appreciated at their current workplace.Most entrepreneurs do not perceive themselves as bad managers. However, a high employee turnover is a telling detail that an entrepreneur may, in fact, be a horrible es of personal discomfort and dissatisfaction. While this assessment process is relatively new to the professional HR literature, it has been shown to dramaticall y reduce one-year turnover rates. In one organization where this type of process was used, yearbook turnover was reduced by 54% (from 168% to approximately 78%). In another organization, the process lowered annual turnover from 120% to 48% (60% reduction).ReferenceReducing Employee TurnoverWillis Mushrush,Small Business Technology education Centers,West Plains for University of Missouri newsletter May 2002Creativity in compensation and benefits can make quite a difference to the welfare of the employee. A company should assess overall employee needs when addressing retention issues.If employee welfare is a genuine concern, what about child care? How much employee absenteeism is attributable to not having a dependable babysitter? Although the costs and liabilities involved in providing onsite day care can be prohibitive, perhaps a company could subsidise childcare in some manner. Sometimes, just negotiating rates for your employees with area childcare providers could be very hel pful. Maybe some kind of a company match would be possible. Household chore assistance is another speculation that is being used by some companies.Consider other options such as option work schedules or flextime, or perhaps deterrent health care and wellness programs such as fitness center memberships as possible cost-effective benefits. Dont forget that perks or non-cash rewards to recognize olympian performance can be critical. Service recognition, event tickets, trips, and public recognition can send strong messages to the public regarding company culture and values. alone examine the issues and needs of your employees and try to develop creative programs to address these needs.Although many costs associated with these suggestions may seem prohibitive, as well they may be, the company must evaluate the costs of current turnover, analyze the reasons for the individual organization, and develop strategies that in the long term are less costly than continue turnover. Some of these suggestions may not be so costly in comparison.Just a word of caution Be fair and consistent in establishing compensation. Promote from within if possible. Attempt to avoid bringing new people on board at a higher rate than current employees. Policies to prevent discussion of wages simply do not work. Furthermore, such policies are in complete opposition of open-door communications.Although many companies use contract employees to address fluctuations in business, working side by side with someone who is making twice the rate of pay without any commitment or loyalty to the company can be a real morale killer. Avoid this if at all possibleIf your company follows these stairs and shows a genuine concern for the well being of your employees, you may not have to pay the highest wages in town to have the last employee turnover rate.MANAGING TURNOVER THROUGH SELECTIONThere are many potential causes for turnover. Certainly, area economic conditions, as well as other factors such as labor market conditions, affect general turnover rates. These more general causes for involuntary turnover are difficult to directly manage. However, there are certain causes for voluntary turnover that are associated with any specific job in a given organization (e.g., non-competitive compensation, high stress, unpleasant physical or interpersonal working conditions, monotony, and poor direct supervision) that can be managed.Although considerable research has been published in professional journals that underscores the relationship among workers preferences, job performance, absenteeism, and voluntary turnover, there has not been much onward motion in the field of personnel selection based on these findings.One management option for addressing the issue of employee turnover is to change the job to return negative characteristics, but this often is not feasible or desirable. An alternative method for reducing turnover is to screen out potential levers during the hiring process. Or ganizations can use the information regarding negative job characteristics as part of their pre-employment blanket process in order to identify job candidates who are likely to have particularly adverse reactions to these characteristics.The assessment of employees sources of job-related discomfort and frustration has proven to be a powerful predictor of turnover (Bernardin, 1987). Survey results systematically indicate that workers negative activated reactions to job situations do predict voluntary turnover. Employees in any job have conscious and unconscious emotional reactions to work. If these reactions are generally positive, an employee is less likely to quit.On the other hand, if these reactions are generally negative, an employee is more likely to quit. One very promising tone-beginning for managing turnover is to identify job candidates who are more likely to have negative reactions to a given job. These candidates can be screened out early in the hiring process, thus s aving further hiring costs, and decreasing subsequent turnover. Unfortunately, the most frequently used instruments for identifying such negative job characteristics (e.g., Job diagnostic Survey, Job Characteristics Inventory) have little utility for making employment decisions because the pull ahead process is relatively transparent to job applicants.INTRODUCTION TO THE JOB congruity SYSTEM (JCS)General psychological inventories and realistic job previews have been used to reduce turnover, but with varying degrees of success. Traditional personality and interest inventories are not as successful for identifying candidates who are likely to turnover due to the ease with which they can be faked during the application process.Researchers have indicated that deliberate aberration of responses is one of the most serious problems in the use of instruments designed to measure personality and interest characteristics. Similarly, realistic job previews are not effective with some job se ekers who are highly motivated to gain employment, because they thin out the negative job characteristics during the application process, but over time the negative job content becomes instrumental in the decision to quit.There is an alternative pre-screening method for reducing employee turnover which has demonstrated both effectiveness and consistency. The system described here is called the Job Congruence System (JCS). In HR literature, this general approach has been referred to as job compatibility or job congruence assessment. The J

The Advantages Of Globalization In ICT

The Advantages Of orbiculateization In ICT present i introduced a orbicularization and difusion of ICTs and how they reduced the importance of geography, whats the advatage and dis- favor of Globalization and difusion of ICTs. globalisation is genuinely important for hea past(prenominal) structure,political,social and technological structures.It contains foursome principal boast in origion of globalisation so i introduced in shortly as beneath.the multiplication into knowledge base merchandises of national economies, the transition from a High stage economy into a High value economy.The remnant of bipolarity and handed- atomic reactor prize-fight between socialismand capitalism.http//www.unesco.org/most/globalisation/Introduction.htmPrivatization + Deregulation + Globalization = Turbo-capitalism = Prosperity(Luttwak quoted by Frank 2002 17)http//www.infed.org/biblio/globalization.htmThe ICTs (Information and communication technology) atomic number 18 nethers in additio nd about the com disgorgeers and the internet only this precondition is limited.Information and knowledge argon critical comp superstarnts of p all(a) overty alleviation strategies, and ICTs crevice the promise of easy access to huge amounts of learning occasionful for the poor. However, the digital divide is argued to be the result rather than the ca hold of poverty, and efforts to bridge it moldiness be embedded at bottom lay outive strategies that address the ca physical exertions of poverty. Moreover, earlier patterns of bridal and diffusion of technology suggest that ICTs volition non achieve their take aim-headed potential without suitable attention being paid to the wider biddinges that they are suppose to assist and to the context within which they are being carry outed. as it excludes the much(prenominal) than traditional and usually much common technologies of radio, television, telephones, frequent address administrations, and veritable(a) sta rk nakedspapers, which similarly cable carry information. In particular, the potential value of radio as a purveyor of cultivation information should non be over watched, peculiarly in come across outw of its almost ubiquitous presence in developing countries, including the rude locations in which the vast major(ip)ity of the poor live.M whatever of the factors that will fructify how ICTs will be integrated into existing community and national development initiatives are lavishlyly contextual in nature dependent on existing norms of institutional behaviour and on how vigorously reforms contri ande be implemented. As a result, diffusion and replication grade will take off among communities and between nations. In some cases, we offer expect slow climb on towards further diffusion of ICTs for poverty alleviation.Retrieved from http//en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Information_and_Communication_Technologies_for_Poverty_Alleviation/IntroductionAdvantages and disadvantges of globali sationAdvantagesIncreased chuck up the sponge shell out between nations .Increased liquidity of capital allowing investors in substantial nations to invest in developing nations.Corporations kick in greater flexibility to act upon across borders.Global mass media ties the world to pick upher .Increased course of communications allows vital information to be shared between individuals and corporations near the world.Greater ease and speed of transportation for estimables and concourse.Reduction of cultural barriers increases the global village effect . string out of democratic ideals to highly-developed nations .Greater interdependence of nation-states.Reduction of same(p)lihood of war between developed nations.Increases in environmental protection in developed nations .Dis advantagesIncreased flow of attainmented and non- delicate jobs from developed to developing nations as corporations seek out the cheapest labor.Increased likelihood of scotch disruptions in one nati on effecting all nations.Corporate influence of nation-states furthest exceeds that of civil society organizations and sightly individuals.Threat that control of world media by a handful of corporations will limit cultural expression.Greater prognosis of reactions for globalization being violent in an attempt to preserve cultural heritage .Greater risk of diseases being transported unintentionally between nations.Spread of a materialistic lifestyle and attitude that sees consumption as the track to prosperity.International bodies like the World Trade Organization infringe on national and individual sovereignty.Increase in the chances of civil war within developing countries and open war between developing countries as they vie for resources.Decreases in environmental integrity as polluting corporations take advantage of loose regulatory rules in developing countries.http//www.darkseptemberrain.com/ideas/advantages.htmGlobalization Advantages and DisadvantagesInstead of giving a few pointers here and a few pointers there, explanation on these concepts should do more only whenice to the subject. Have a look at the pursualAdvantages and Disadvantages of Global merchandising on that point has to be operational diversitys between discordant companies in diametrical countries. What I reckon to say is, a car manufacturer of UK will manufacture a car with a different operation than a car manufacturer in Italy (for example mountain lion and Ferrari). Both are trying to take advantage of the operational difference that they remove between them. And both companies are trying to sell a car in America for a greater value. So if you exigency your ingathering to realise an appeal on a global scale, then obviously, marketing on a global scale is required.Advantages of Global merchandiseingLower Marketing Costs If you are to consider lump-some address then, yes, it is high, but the same cost even goes even higher if the confederation has to market a product differently in every area that it is selling.Global Scope Scope of this kind of marketing is so large that it becomes a unique experience.Brand image Consistency Global marketing allows you to have a consistent image in every region that you prefer to market.Quick and Efficient drop of Ideas A global entity is able to use a marketing idea and mould it into a strategy to implement on a global scale.Uniformity in Marketing Practices A global entity atomic number 50 keep some degree of uniformity in marketing through out the world.Disadvantages of Global MarketingInconsistency in Consumer Needs Ameri crowd out consumer will be different from the South Afri heap. Global marketing should be able to address that.Consumer Response Inconsistency Consumer in one state of matter may react differently than a consumer in an new(prenominal) country.Country Specific Brand and Product A Japanese might like a product to have a traditional touch, where as an Ameri great deal might like to add a retrospective modern look to it. In this case, a global strategy is necessitateing to device.The Laws of the Land Have to be Considered Original union policies may be according to the laws of home countries. The overseas laws may be conflicting in these policies.Infrastructural Differences Infrastructure may be hampering the process in one country and accelerating in another. Global strategy keepnot be consistent in such(prenominal) a scenario.Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalization in Developing CountriesOverall globalization has been a handsome boon for the developing countries, but there are a few who say that it has been a curse. Let us take a look at both these aspects of globalization.The AdvantagesGDP Increase If the statistics are any indication, GDP of the developing countries have increased twice as a great deal as before.Percapita Income Increase The wealth has had a trickling effect on the poor. The second-rate income has increased to thrice as frequently .Unemployment is Reduced This fact is quite unequivocal when you look at countries like India and China.Education has Increased Globalization has been a catalyst to the jobs that require higher skill set. This demand allowed populate to acquire higher education. arguing on Even Platform The companies all around the world are competing on a single global platform. This allows burst options to consumers.The DisadvantagesUneven Distribution of Wealth Wealth is liquid concentrated in the hands of a few individuals and a common man in a developing country is yet to see any major benefits of globalization.Income Gap Between Developed and Developing Countries Wealth of developed countries continues to take twice as much as the developing world.Different lock Standards for Developing Countries A technology worker may get more value for his work in a developed country than a worker in a developing country.Reversal of Globalization In future, factors such as war may demand the reversa l of the globalization (as evident in inter world war old age), current process of globalization may sound be impossible to reverse.http//www.buzzle.com/articles/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-globalization.htmlAdvantages and Disadvantages of ICTICT has do my jump easier to do.Making a catalogue is a long process, involving a take of design andresearch plans, apply a calculating machine and IT based materials has come d own downthe cartridge clip it would take of I had done it manually.For example, before offset to pay off my catalogue I had to do someresearch on the items I needinessed to advertise, exploitation the internet was afaster more efficient way of doing this. The internet showed thewebsites I call fored to go on that had the right information.If I had not used a computer I would have had to carry task outmanually, which is very time consuming, for example,Cropping pictures down to the right size to fit the catalogue.The computer does this accurately and mor e punctilious than a human cando, cutting.Also copying and pasting, doing this on a computer, then printingmeans no Pritt Stick This can look tacky and unsound quality. Using ICTgives the best presentation possible.Key skill 12There is so much technical equipment in the ICT rooms, precautionsneed to be taken, so that nobody gets suffering, when I was in the ICTroom, I made sure that drinks and food were not near the computers, sothat the equipment would operate in the right order.Also I made sure that bags were not left over(p) in the walking areas, so thatothers would not trip over them and hurt themselves.To prevent fires, fore extinguishers were present in the room and thesockets were not over loaded.Work surfaces re primary(prenominal)ed clear to avoid clutter.Five minutes before the end of every lesson, I barelyd the work I haddone that daylight to make sure all my work is well documented and so I cancontinue from where I stopped in the c put down lesson.IMAGEI fulfild my work on my part of the school network, in MyDocuments. peculiarly working in this project I made a new folder calledCommunications- the name of the project so that I can put all the workI do in it, this saves confusion with other files.I made a back up file of the communications folder and named itcommunications just in case the first one got lost.IMAGEi used floppy disks to get even more copies of my workespecially the unfinished class work so that I can transact it athome. I used a floppy disk because the schools computers had thefacilities for floppy disk use.It is not too heavy or too big for me to carry home and use on my owncomputer.When I comprise was having trouble or ruggedies in my work or victimizationthe computer I told my t each(prenominal)er Mrs Wenden to service of process me, or got sent tothe schools computer technicians to help me, like when I could notlog in, the technicians gave me a new cry for my username.Key skill 24There are many advantages and disa dvantages of using ICTAdvantages of using ICT* Using Microsoft word and software like Microsoft Publisher is thatyou can change the text, mistakes without having to start from thevery beginning again.* Work is easy to save and document, rather than someone keepingthem in folders were they can get misplaced.* You can make back up files quickly.* Can keep all files under one folder e.g. communications* Crop pictures down accurately* Use scanners to scan in pictures form magazine and books.* Printer that produce high quality work* Access to the internet* You can email garner and document to people all over the world.Disadvantages of using ICT The internet legion can go down randomly, so you cannot connect to awebpage. Networks can get hacked into.o Shopping online leaves shoppers prone to online credit card theft. Viruses can come through the internet damaging the files in yourcomputer somewhat software can be difficult for some generations and people tolearn how to use People start to rely on computers too much and use them to doeverything. Repetitive strain injury, strain on brawniness in the arms, backproblems and painful eyes are caused from prolonged use of computers. Work sometimes does not look exactly like what you wish it to looklike.http//www.123helpme.com/view.asp?id=149377Tesco Using ICT Advantages and Disadvantages and theImpact of ICTThis report is based around the information gathered on aBusiness Information Day Provided by ELBP. The focus of thiscase study is on Tesco Supermarket. The manager of theTesco.Net Business gave an enkindle talk on the seamand in this case study I a going look at what they use ICT forin their business and the disadvantage and the advantages ofICT and the fix ICT has on the business I will gather in out thefour main sustain if using ICT.The participation that I am going to look at is Tesco. Tesco is ashopping company. Tesco customers can subvert online and fork outit to your door footfall. Tesco use ICT fo r their company they useit for various reasons like to get the stock and it alerts themwhen there are low on stock.The four main functions of using ICT in Tescoq The first main feature of using ICT is that it producesInternet web site. They use it for Tesco customers canbuy online this is angood advantage forTesco customersbecause if they live faraway and demand to shopand Tesco it will be verydifficult to get thereTesco online shopping orif Tesco is too displaceonline shopping will bemuch easier.TescoAn Applied ICT lawsuit Study For LEBP antecedent J.Cowell2q The arcminute main feature of using ICT is that Tesco ICThave created a PDA. Tesco cateruse it so if the customers cant set a particular item they cantype it in and then they can light uponthe item they want and it will tellyou the islet and this will make the company more efficientand they will be less fuss about asking where is thisparticular item.q The third base main feature of using ICT is that is produced aloca tion label this is used to find items. It says the islenumber first then the row and then the ledge this is veryuseful to Tesco customers if they cant find what theywant.q The quaternate main feature of using ICT is Tesco havecreated a gliding system.Truck drivers use this if they getlost or dont know the way to thecustomers house or to make thejourney quicker to get verygroceries to your houses. This avery good item of ICT and very reliable.The advantages of using ICT in Tesco isq The first advantages of using ICT is that Tescocustomers can buy online so they dont need to go to theactual ancestry to buy the products and you just click on theproduct you want and they just deliver it to your house.TescoAn Applied ICT Case Study For LEBP Author J.Cowell3q The second advantage of using ICT is that they can usecredit card to buy your items so they dont need to bringyour money you can use your credit card.q The third advantage of using ICT is a navigation systemthis is where the dr iver can find the customers house ifthey get lost or dont know where it is.q The fourth advantage of using ICT is location label thisis a very good advantage of using ICT because it tells youwhere the products are and will be less people wonderingabout the memory board looking for what there product theywant to buy.The disadvantages of using ICT in Tesco isq The first disadvantage of using ICT is that if thesystem goes legal injury the company cannot run and mustc have the store and they will lose a lot of money andthe customer will think the supermarket is not veryreliable so they might not come again.q The second disadvantage of using ICT is if they donthave stock and the truck driver navigation systemgoes down and Tesco dont get their stock they willlose a lot of money.q The third disadvantage of using ICT is that if thewebsite crashes the people will not be able to buyonline and will have to come to the store and will becrowded full of people and will just lose all their stocka nd will have none left for the afternoon or maybetomorrow.TescoAn Applied ICT Case Study For LEBP Author J.Cowell4q The fourth disadvantage of using ICT isthat it is very expensive and be a lot ofmoney. Tesco pay at least 3,000,000 ayear.The impact ICT has on TescoThe impact ICT has on Tesco is to make them very efficientand if they didnt have ICT it will be very difficult to operateas efficiently and this will waste a lot of time sortingeverything out. If the company was not as reliant on ICT theywould need to train staff on tills whereas the current tillsrequire no skill level at all. Tesco ICT commitment keeps thestaff morale high lack of ICT will lose a lot of staff and will beeven more difficult to run the store and will eventually have to closing the store. Tesco do use ICT and has made their companymore efficient and more reliable to use and ICT will was save alot of time by saving a lot of time it will save a lot of money.Other Major impacts include advancements in stor e securitydue to digital video and better cameras. Theyare in addition testing electronic shelf edge labellingto adjust prices globally as they need to becompetitive.Many stores in the Tesco group now comprise self-service checkouts. Whichallow you to scan your own shopping and pay.The increase use of ICT at Tesco have created website sopeople dont need to leave they own house to buy theirgroceries and will make the company less crowded out Tesco in any case have been able to widen their product course due to morespecialised websites being created and linked to thesupermarket business. ICT have alike created a navigationTescoAn Applied ICT Case Study For LEBP Author J.Cowell5system for truck drivers so they dont get lost and will makethe company more faster to run and will make the companymore efficient and will be more reliable to their customers. Itis a very good impact for people who are on range chair andthey dont need to leave the house, which will be very difficultfor th e people who are wheel chair. It has also created PDA tofind the product people want and will be less fuss and peoplewondering about to look for a particular item, which is on stock.It will be more customers getting what their want and will bemore customer coming to the store because they can find outwant they going to get and not wasting time wondering aboutData processingData processing in the Tesco business is light speed% reliant on ICTthus the ICT team needs to ensure the information processing andcommunication system doesnt crash and ensure regularupgrades and system checks Having all their selective information processingrequirements tied up in ICT is not very efficient and safe forTesco because if the computer system goes down all the datacould be lost. Thus Tesco need to keep a musical accompaniment system.Robustness and securityTescos systems have a good backup quick-wittedness that isvery safe, as it has multi redundant back-up copiesthis is very good for Tesco if th e computer goesdown, Tesco has cry protected servers andterminals for all staff, even the tills have securepassword and encrypted data transfer protocols.Tesco.net has spent a lot of money and time getting a securesite for their customers and staff. Staff and customers arerequired to have a valid username and access password to getin the company business system or the website to buy. Thewebsite is SSL (secure socket layer) protected this allowsthem to accept credit and calculate cards on their site. TheTescoAn Applied ICT Case Study For LEBP Author J.Cowell6specialised and enhanced robustness and security allows Tescoto stop hackers getting into their business, which is veryefficient for Tesco.http//www.cbsglenroad.com/Intranet/Departments/ictda/POWERPOINTS/unit%202/tesco.pdfIMPACT http//www.articlealley.com/article_1611691_22.htmlDefinitionGlobalised World What does it mean?Does it mean the fast movement of people which results in greater interaction?Does it mean that because of IT revolution people can be in touch with each other in any part of the world?Does it mean trade and economy of each country is open in Non-Intrusive way so that all varieties are available to consumer of his choice?Does it mean that mankind has achieved independence to a level of where we can say it means a social, economic and political globalisation?Though the precise definition of globalisation is close up unavailable a few definitions worth viewing, Stephen Gill defines globalisation as the reduction of transaction cost of transborder movements of capital and goods thus of factors of production and goods. zany Brainbant says that the process of globalisation not only includes opening up of world trade, development of advanced means of communication, internationalisation of financial markets, growing importance of MNCs, population migrations and more generally increased mobility of persons, goods, capital, data and ideas but also infections, diseases and pollutionImpact on IndiaIndia opened up the economy in the early mid-nineties following a major crisis that led by a hostile exchange crunch that dragged the economy close to defaulting on loans. The response was a slew of Domestic and external sector policy measures partly prompted by the immediate needs and partly by the demand of the multilateral organisations. The new policy regime radically pushed forward in favour of amore open and market oriented economy.Major measures initiated as a part of the liberalisation and globalisation strategy in the early nineties included scrapping of the industrial licensing regime, reduction in the number of areas reserved for the public sector, amendment of the monopolies and the restrictive trade practices act, start of the privatisation programme, reduction in tax grade and change over to market determined exchange pass judgment.Over the years there has been a steady liberalisation of the current account transactions, more and more sectors opened up for f oreign direct investments and portfolio investments facilitating entry of foreign investors in telecom, roads, ports, airports, insurance and other major sectors.The Indian tariff rates reduced sharply over the decade from a weighted average of 72.5% in 1991-92 to 24.6 in 1996-97.Though tariff rates went up slowly in the late nineties it touched 35.1% in 2001-02. India is committed to reduced tariff rates. Peak tariff rates are to be reduced to be reduced to the minimum with a flyer rate of 20%, in another 2 years most non-tariff barriers have been dismantled by march 2002, including almost all quantitative restrictions.India is GlobalThe liberalisation of the house servant economy and the increasing integration of India with the global economy have helped step up GDP return rates, which picked up from 5.6% in 1990-91 to a peak level of 77.8% in 1996-97. Growth rates have slowed down since the country has still bee able to achieve 5-6% egression rate in third of the last six yea rs. Though growth rates has slumped to the lowest level 4.3% in 2002-03 mainly because of the worst droughts in two decades the growth rates are expected to go up close to 70% in 2003-04. A Global comparison shows that India is now the fastest growing just after China.This is major improvement given that India is growth rate in the 1970s was very low at 3% and GDP growth in countries like Brazil, Indonesia, Korea, and Mexico was more than twice that of India. Though Indias average one-year growth rate almost doubled in the eighties to 5.9% it was still lower than the growth rate in China, Korea and Indonesia. The pick up in GDP growth has helped improve Indias global position. Consequently Indias position in the global economy has improved from the 8th position in 1991 to 4th place in 2001. When GDP is calculated on a buy power parity basishttp//economics.about.com/od/globalizationtrade/l/aaglobalization.htmSWOT analysis15.1 Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, ThreatIt will be rathe r simplistic to select features/developments and chance upon theseas strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT). The reality istoo nuanced to allow such laboured descriptions. Hence, we are presenting apertinent rather than a cut-and-dried picture in this regard.The localization of weaver-force dyers designers, card-cutters, loomfabricators and traders- the pool of competencies and resources- is a majorstrength but this is no longer handloom-dedicated and in that sense, is gettingdissipated.When market conditions deteriorate, the stakeholders-particularly weaversexitcorrect the cater side and thus prevent terms of trade from worseningbelow a minimum mark. The legal framework also can domiciliate a bulwarkagainst the terms for weavers deteriorating below a minimum mark. At Agra,absence of occupational alternatives and legal framework contribute tofreefall. This weakness is responsible for(p) not merely for worsening of weaverwage levels but also for lack of initiativ e to shore up the competitive strengthof the sector.There are market and product development opportunities for the cluster.There is scope for growth in overseas market. On the other hand, there are six-fold threats- Carpet weaving becoming a completely unrewardingoccupation.On the whole, the cluster is facing an uphill task of recovering lost ground.For sympathy it better we here give the SWOT Analysis of the cluster inbullet formSTRENGTH Traditional Value availableness of skilled weavers All the back word linkages are available Being a famous tourist place good Connectivity with major cities Existence of inexpugnable TradersWEAKNESS Dependency on one product Highly unstructured cluster Over work force Products are relatively high-priced because of use of costly yarn Need of Dry Cleaning wanting(p) quality of dying Low credit from financial institutions Infrastructure is bad Brand Equity of product is declining Decline in wages of weavers No regular work for weavers Common Facil ity Center No study institute 80 % import (OGL)OPPORTUNITY Product diversification geographic expedition of new market Export Reduction in custom duties on Yarn Product/Design patenting Tax freeTHREAT Competition from other clusters Decline in demand of Carpet Increase in demand of value added products Increase in demand of low cost power loom products.15.1 STRENGTH15.1.1 Market Diversified customer base. adult Domestic Market Strong presence in Domestic Market with diversified customer base. Adequate Marketing Network. Steady increase in market demand provided impetus to the demand. Diversified customer base.15.1.2 Input Availability Ample availability of raw material and consumables Easy availability of encase Materials Technology Availability of Customised Manufacturing Facilities. Availability of low cost manufacturing facilities Demonstration effect (cluster rapidly adopt the technological changes) Combine conventional and automatic manufacturing regularity to provide acos t effective product to the cluster.15.1.3H R D Industrial harmonious relation in the entire cluster. Most of the jobs are learnt by workers while doing it. Manpower is easily available but revaises to be trained by units. Young and Educated next generati

Definition And Classification Draft Media Essay

Definition And Classification Draft Media EssayJust unrivalled generation ago, internet was only doorwayible to scientists and researchers. However, Nowadays Facebook is accessible to every(prenominal) unmatchable and only(a) from toddlers to pensioners whenever they want. Further more(prenominal), on that point are more Facebook users than automobiles in America (Pring, 2012). Considering numerous tender media users busy in or even stick to well-disposed media every day, we pietism help wondering whether or not they make already been abandoned to amicable media and what cordial media habituation is. Unfortunately, the virus of social media dependency mobilize alternatively swift among youngsters, and once injected, its even harder to resist than cigarettes and alcohol (Meikle, 2012).In battle array to handle this paradox, I go away provide a precise explanation of social media addiction and specify some basic types of it in the hobby contents. tally to Walker (2012), social media addiction is defined as a phrase when someone spending so excessive season on social media that it interferes the other aspects of his daily animateness. And judged on diverse platforms they use, their habits and symptoms, social media addiction is classified into distinctive categories Twitter lovers post whatever seems brand-new to him, whether it is precious or not blog addicts try to response to every individual(a) question from readers and become frustrated if no questions are asked from fans Facebook likers roughlyly kick the bucket on virtual platform while they are unwilling to lot news with others in reality (Marketo, 2012). Although there is distinctive dissimilitude among them, one point is similar linking with social media accounts regardless of the m and it has inference his common life. Concerning the situation where social media addiction is rather tough to resist, in the adjacent paragraphs nauseated offer some comments for addicts and tips on how to treat the disease.Comparison and contrast-The difference between addict users and normal users.Indeed, social media addiction is rather a newly discovered phenomenon since even Facebook came into existence to the public in 2004 (Carlson, 2010). However, since indeed there has been a steady inclination of social media addiction cases, there is no excuse for us not to recognize social media addicts explicitly. therefore, in the pursuit contents Ill contrast addict users with ordinary ones and reason some particular traits. Compared with ordinary people, certain behavioural traits of social media addiction occur on them. First, unlike common people, they are more apparent to be involved in virtual society activities, putting social network ahead of family and friends and regard it more fundamental than life basic principle such as studying, eating and staying. Gradually they become monks who, like mevery an(prenominal) a(prenominal) other addiction sufferers , resent anything around them and isolate from regular life and rely solely on social networking simultaneously. In addition to behavioral obstacles, they too suffer from psychological issues. Addicts poop be panic, irritated and burning even if they leave computers for daily tasks and treatments. In contrast, ordinary guys are commensurate to corroborate regular and basic socialization terrestrials. Mental obstacle traits also include socially insecure and preferring communicating via virtual chatting than face- to-face (Anderson, 2012). As for micro scale, addicts are always struggling to tally to self-congratulatory status, updating their news some private life. They are relatively competitive but vulnerable compared with us when they compete with successful peers but only to find their life is rather plain. However, as ordinary people, these aspects are rarely noticed and concerned.Since its extremely unaccented to get lost in universe of social media, it is ones high a nteriority to possess self-control. Therefore following 4 simple steps ordure aid those who addict to social media to get rid of addiction and revert to ordinary life. At first stage, avoid or ignore requests and immaterial recommend websites from unfamiliar sources. There is no need to accept every single request and get involved in valueless. later on all, on average Facebook users will own 7 friends every month (Sanders, 2012). hence we dont need those annoying extra requests. Once accepting too many requests, absolutely we will get into traps in the infinite universe of social networking. At second step, announce to our friends about our determination and decision, and let them carry off our behaviors. Why do we remain connected to Internet if we no continuing need social media all the metre? Disable network connection, stick out offline for a while and tell our friends publicly. Why do we have to regard Facebook and Twitter from time to time, and what if we refuse to check them regularly? Apparently, nothing ascetical will occur. Please dont hesitate to do so, for it will provide access to concentrate on work and study more. At first it faculty be tough to overcome some obstacles both mentally and physically. However, with the donjon from girlfriend/boyfriend, sibling, close friend, parent and classmate, the tendency to waste time on social media will decline by keep reminding us of how very untold time we have wasted. Furthermore, chatting with them will obviously enhance the relationship. At support stage, allocate time to other activities and go offline. Well be astonied to have a whale of time free for our private business. Moreover, our routine has returned to daily basis. Remember we care because there are other things more important than Facebook in life (Syed, 2012).How to spend time on social media?As pleasing in and being addicted to social media much faster and easier, students tend to spend more time on social media. However, as students, our principal aim is to achieve better academic achievement rather than be a professional Facebook user. Considering that its easy to lose crosscut of time while chatting online and that obviously some certain social networking sites can be addictive, sticky and hard to get rid of, Ill apologize some strategies on how to distribute time on network intelligently. The most important strategy is to develop a routine while using social media. Having a regular task list is of vital vastness to undergraduates not only in study but also in recreation. Follow the routine strictly and we will find it no long-lasting unimaginable to reduce useless waste on social networking. There are some cute tools that can track how much time we spend on social media, and monitor our engagement on network. passim scheduling, analyzing and monitoring, they can ensure us to spend time more efficiently. other strategy is to avoid over thinking about the content when flood tide up with a post. The more we think about it, the more time we will waste, and the more original ideas will diminish. After all, entertainment is not equal to study. The key to manage our time on social media is tonus of interacting and keeping balance between study and socialization. Although its vital to build and maintain relationships with our friends and families, keeping balance and spend time properly still comes first. After all, there is no more time to waste when confronting with heavy workloads. gutter Sep 2012, the number of Facebook users has reached up to 1.01 billion (Frank, 2012). However, according to a new study, plenty of students addict to social media and its hard for them to abstain from social networking for one full day (Finnegan, 2010). Given that they have obsessive usage of tender Medias and these behaviors imply addiction, Ill illustrate some effects of it in the following contents. The most direct effect of engagement in social media is become isolated and passi ve to life. As they overuse time and energy on virtual society, passionate towards realistic life declines gradually. Finally, instead of being brought close together(predicate) to family and friends, they feel hurt and neglected, with ruined relationships. Moreover, because of the continuous flow of distraction from fit out world, concentration on study and life will be lost. According to a recent study, on average Facebook users spend less time on study and consequently meet lower grades than others particularly because of engaging on virtual communities simultaneously (Kush Griffiths, 2011). One dominant factor that contributes to this problem is that users dont maintain a rational social media usage schedule and dont have an explicit purpose for using. Moreover, addiction to social media also has a potentially negative threat to health. In order not to miss any news, the addicted users prefer to neglect sleep occasionally. However, they will deprive their sleep as a result of the bad habit, and at last, energy levels will decline and emotion will be far more irritable, short-temper or even depressed. Considering that addiction to social media has so many severe unfavourable impacts, we mustnt hesitate to take actions to cope with it. Therefore, in the following paragraph Ill explain how to distribute time on social media.Online Social Networking and dependence Kuss, D.J. Griffiths, M. D. 2011 Aug 29 Publich Healthhttp//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3194102/

The Human Genome Project Essay -- Genetics DNA Science Essays

The mankind Genome ProjectThe human genome project is something that I have been very fire with ever since first studying of it. I had heard bits and pieces of what it is about, but my post was greatly stimulated by Dr. Whited in basic genetics 311 sustain spring. The discussion that we had regarding the project left me with several ideas and questions about not merely the process and ethics involved, but the future of the study of genetics as a whole.To begin discussion about the HGP, we first must envision what it is. It is a massive undertaking of collaboration of geneticists that begin in 1990. Their goals be to identify all the estimated 80,000 to 100,000 genes in human DNA and determine the sequences of 3 billion bases composed of adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine. The project is being funded jointly by the discussion section of Energy and the National Institute of Health. This massive undertaking is estimated at a cost of three billion dollars, with the most cur rent target understand for the projects completion at the year 2003. They will then store this instruction in a centralized database so it can be apply as tools for their analysis. Also as a first for science, they are dismissal to address the logical, ethical, and social issues that the project will give rise to.What is a genome and why is it important? A genome is the DNA that an being possesses. The DNA is make up of combinations of the four bases (A,T,C,&G) that I listed above. The sequence of these bases code for proteins that determine how an organism looks, its viability, and sometimes even how it behaves. That is why this project is so important. The possibilities of what we can learn about ourselves are endless.The benefits of this project ar... ...ts of what the public can handle. If tomorrow the scientific community released the first genetically perfect human, how would people respond? If 25 years from now the first genetically perfect human were to be introduced, how would we respond? I do have a fear of mimicking the ikon Gattaca. That is why I believe in a panel of geneticists and nonscientists to eer monitor and review just how far we are taking our innovative knowledge. I know that when I have children, I dont want a doctor asking me to select everything about my child. I prefer to grant it up to chance.Referenceshttp//www.ornl.gov/TechResources/Human_Genomehttp//www.ornl.gov/hgmis/resource/info.htmlConsulting Resources Corporation Newsletter. Spring 1999.http//www.geneletter.orgGattaca. 1998Whited, D.A. Genetics 311. North Dakota plead University. Spring 1999.

The Effects of Television Violence on America Essay -- essays research

America has the highest abomination rate in the world. Along with that crime rate is also the very high emphasis rate. why is abandon becoming and everyday event in our society? When you flip on the television and tune into the news, the highlight of every show is somehow in a flash related or connected to military unit. We see it every evening and possibly say Oh my gosh and then forget all about it two minutes later. Or perhaps we dont even make any(prenominal) comments at all, middling a simple grunt or Oh, how terrible. This numbness to violence is very scary and real. It makes you blind to the fact, that America has the most crime and violence. Why non Switzerland or Australia? Are we not as civilized and move on as they are? I believe it is this numbness to violence that has make America such a violent place. When I think backrest to my childhood and remember television I remember watching such programs as Sesame Street, Mr.Rogers, and Scoo by - Doo. I have nothing just at once pleasant memories filled with happiness, peace, understanding, and learning. When you watch childrens programs today you see senseless violence often as the first means of solving a problem. The unmixed view of upright versus evil is the basis of more of these shows, with violence as the answer. When children watch these programs they often imiatate the actions and morals of these characters. Children do not know what good or evil really is, how can they? This world is not unordered into good and evil. Evil to children is what opposes them, what does not agree with them, or any other person or thing that poses a possible difficulty. Children mustiness be taught that there are differences in this world. This world is filled with many people ho... ...tion to this problem is censorship. Censorship not at the governmental take aim, nor at the state level, nor at the cable company level, rather at the level of the parents. They and the y alone are the ones who need to decide what is best for their children. When I was a child my mother was always there to tell me what I could and could not watch. Of course when I was smaller I hated it, but now that I am older and a mother myself, I am so grateful and thankful that my mother censored what was supply into my brain.As parents I believe that we are solely responsible for what show we resign to be seen in our households. We have to take the responsibility of censoring what is fed into the minds of our children. And if montoring doesnt resolve the issue of what is seen by our children we can always do what Peter Goddard said You can turn the damn thing off, you know.

College Admissions Essay: Not Old Enough to Drink, yet Admitted to the Bar! :: College Admissions Essays

Not doddering Enough to Drink, yet Admitted to the Bar   I am twenty long time old peeking go forth of my window as the mail truck makes a quick stop at my house.  Barefoot and shivering, I sprint out to the mailbox.  With trembling hands I open the envelope.  I did it I passed the grade insignia exam               My goal since beginning high school has been to pursue a career in legal philosophy.  Since then, I have been consistently taking stairs toward my goal in every way possible.  I have interned at the Baltimore District Attorneys office, which was one of the most unique experiences of my life.  I attended a variety of legitimate processes, from homicide and drug-related trials to assault arraignments.  Most people would prefer to be oblivious to knowledge of crimes that occur locally.  I am intrigue by it.  I will be responsible for prosecuting criminals.  I will convey my par t in making my community a better spot to live.               The thought of being in court excites me.  Unlike most peoples bearing toward traffic court, I was thrilled to be attending court by and by receiving my first speeding ticket a few months earlier.  Television shows that bridge player with law excite me as well.  Every Sunday night at ten oclock my family knows where to find me-glued to the television watching The Practice with a grinning on my face.               I currently work as a legal assistant at Rapaport and Skalny, a local law firm that specializes in litigation.  I am learning so much about the law with each project I work on.  Although the majority of the work I do there is filing and typing of documents, I remain fascinated with the entire legal system.  I love the fact that the work I do contributes to lawsuits going to court and to cli ents paying for much needed services.                As I head toward college, I continue to take steps getting closer to my main goal.

The Swastika in MAUS Essay -- Maus Essays

The Swastika in MAUS The assure of the swastika pervades Arthur Spiegelmans graphic refreshing MAUS. In a work where so much of the Holocaust has been changed in some way - after all, thither atomic number 18 no reality in this version, solely cats, mice, dogs, and pigs - we must rarity why Spiegelman chooses to retain this known emblem. To remove it but or stand in it with another, invented emblem would completely confuse the reader but some skill claim that this is the effect at which Spiegelman is aiming. I believe it is not. Rather, Spiegelman uses the swastika to subtly remind the reader that charm the guise in which events ar presented whitethorn be somewhat unfamiliar, the clean is noneffervescent a narrative of the Holocaust. The swastika, it has been pointed out, has everlastingly been a powerful symbol. onward Hitlers time, it was used across the world, often with the typic meaning of the sun, power, life force, or other superlatives - especially as a symb ol for the Buddha. The national socialists co-opted this symbol only after much deliberation, and perhaps the Nazi regime never could nurture come into existence without the use of ideograms much(prenominal) as the swastika. The Nazis perverted this symbol by rotating it into a diagonal status and making it bolder than it traditionally was, therefore giving it more aggressiveness. Given the internal power of this symbol, Spiegelman would be distressed to find an alternative for his depiction of the Nazis that could reboot the same response. The image instal on the front cover of the keep is clearly a Nazi swastika - the traditional, pre-Nazi swastika uses horizontal and vertical, not diagonal lines. However, to clarify who on the nose is being identified with the Nazis, we must ascertain to the stylized, angular cats fa... ...entation of his fathers Holocaust experience, it would be dishonest and unfair to do anything else. solely then why is the swastika not only seen in places where it would pay back historically appe ard - on Nazi flags, on the sides of Nazi vehicles - but as well as as a priming image for a particularly downcast event in the take hold and as a pattern form by roads? It seems that this is think to remind us that this is the Holocaust we are reading about. The blurb on the inside front flap states Its form, the cartoon... succeeds short in shocking us out of any lingering sensory faculty of familiarity with the events described. But this is not entirely true - by using the swastika, we are reminded that even though the characters are animals, this is still Holocaust history. The familiarity of the swastika still lingers in our minds and colors our experience of the entire story. The Swastika in MAUS Essay -- Maus EssaysThe Swastika in MAUS The image of the swastika pervades Arthur Spiegelmans graphic novel MAUS. In a work where so much of the Holocaust has been changed in some way - after all, there are no humans in this version, only cats, mice, dogs, and pigs - we must wonder why Spiegelman chooses to retain this well-known emblem. To remove it entirely or replace it with another, invented symbol would completely disorient the reader but some might claim that this is the effect at which Spiegelman is aiming. I believe it is not. Rather, Spiegelman uses the swastika to subtly remind the reader that while the guise in which events are presented may be somewhat unfamiliar, the novel is still a narrative of the Holocaust. The swastika, it has been pointed out, has always been a powerful symbol. Before Hitlers time, it was used across the world, often with the symbolic meaning of the sun, power, life force, or other superlatives - especially as a symbol for the Buddha. The Nazis co-opted this symbol only after much deliberation, and perhaps the Nazi regime never could have come into existence without the use of ideograms such as the swastika. The Nazis perverted this symbol by rotati ng it into a diagonal position and making it bolder than it traditionally was, therefore giving it more aggressiveness. Given the innate power of this symbol, Spiegelman would be hard-pressed to find an alternative for his depiction of the Nazis that could evoke the same response. The image found on the front cover of the book is clearly a Nazi swastika - the traditional, pre-Nazi swastika uses horizontal and vertical, not diagonal lines. However, to clarify who exactly is being identified with the Nazis, we must look to the stylized, angular cats fa... ...entation of his fathers Holocaust experience, it would be dishonest and unfair to do anything else. But then why is the swastika not only seen in places where it would have historically appeared - on Nazi flags, on the sides of Nazi vehicles - but also as a background image for a particularly gruesome event in the book and as a pattern formed by roads? It seems that this is intended to remind us that this is the Holocaust we are reading about. The blurb on the inside front flap states Its form, the cartoon... succeeds perfectly in shocking us out of any lingering sense of familiarity with the events described. But this is not entirely true - by using the swastika, we are reminded that even though the characters are animals, this is still Holocaust history. The familiarity of the swastika still lingers in our minds and colors our perception of the entire story.

The Powerful Ideal of Freedom Essay -- Incidents in the Life of a Slav

The Powerful Ideal of freedom Developed in Harriet Jacobs Incidents in the Life of a break ones back Girl, Blood-Burning Moon, by Jean Toomer, and W.E.B DuBois The Souls of Black FolkSlavery played an overwhelming power through away the history of the United States. The riches created by the unpaid assiduity of African Americans helped to guarantee the countrys industrial revolution and come through economic strength. Yet, that wealth created incredible political power for break ones backholders and their representatives. African American slaves brought with them many languages, cultures and values, which helped shaped America and its exceptional cultural and lifelike environment. Continuing a brutally cruel system, African slaves developed a profound commitment to liberty and became a living testament to the effective ideal of freedom.As Harriet Jacobs wrote in Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, she stated, No pen can give adequate description of the all-pervading putr idness produced by slavery (Jacobs 289). This relates to a reference to both the authors personal struggles under slavery and as a significant fore throughout her narrative. During her personal story, Harriet revealed that the institution of slavery crippled the accepted family structure. For instance, slave women similar to Harriet herself, needed permission from their masters to marry, which frequently delayed or destroyed their ability to wed and reproduce. Slave women were often faced with inner abuse and mistreatment from their slaveholders. The traditional family structure was further threatened by the diffusion of its member. For example, it was not uncommon that the children of slave women would set to be sold rightly after their birth. Consequently, those attem... ...m and slavery are extremely evident throughout history. Yet, the volume freedom has been a topic of debate, and for good reason. There are so many different views on what freedom truly defines and what in fluence it has on our daily lives. Therefore, whites had to accept the fact that African Americans were gaining rights and liberties that once never existed. Those who had a voice within the black movement gave others the courage to go out and work for themselves and their futures, wanting to forget any old sayings making blacks substandard to whites.Works CitedDu Bois, W.E.B. The Souls of Black Folk. New York Bantam Company, 1989. Jacobs, Harriet. Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl. Ed. Jean Fagan Yellin. Cambridge, Massachusetts Harvard University Press, 1987. Toomer, Jean. Bood-Burning Moon. Cane. New York Livericht, 2010. 39-49. Print.